Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Vol. 25 No. 41 (2016)

Papers

Improvement of abrasive wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron ASTM A-532 through thermal treatment cycles

https://doi.org/10.19053/01211129.4141

Published 2016-01-22

  • Oscar Fabián Higuera-Cobos
    • ,
  • Florina-Diana Dumitru
    • ,
  • Dairo Hernán Mesa-Grajales

Oscar Fabián Higuera-Cobos
Universidad del Atlántico

Florina-Diana Dumitru
National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection

Dairo Hernán Mesa-Grajales
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

Abstract

High-Chromium White Cast Iron is a material highly used in mining and drilling shafts for oil extraction, due to its high wear resistance. However, because of the austenitic matrix found in the as-cast state, an adequate heat treatment cycle is necessary. This paper studies the effects of different cooling media after a destabilization treatment on the microstructure, hardening and abrasion resistance behaviors of a hypoeutectic high chromium white cast iron. The results show that although air cooling followed by immersion in CO2 can effectively reduce the retained austenite, this is not enough to transform completely the retained austenite into martensite. The low retained austenite percentages improve bulk hardness, but they decrease the abrasion resistance of the high chromium cast iron. The best combination of hardness and wear resistance was found in the samples cooled in air, due to the percentage of retained austenite and a moderate precipitation of chromium carbide.

Keywords

high chromium white cast iron, HCWCI, white cast iron, chromium carbides, hardness, wear testing, austenite, martensite

PDF HTML

References

  1. I. R. Sare, "Abrasion resistance and fracture toughness of white cast irons", Met. Technol. 6, pp. 412-419, 1979. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030716979803276228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/030716979803276228
  2. D. Li, et al., “Phase diagram calculation of high chromium cast irons and influence of its chemical composition”, Materials & Design 30, pp. 340-345, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.061. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.04.061
  3. S. K. Hann and J. D. Gates, “A transformation toughening white cast iron”, Journal of Materials Science 32, pp.1249-1259, 1997. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018544204267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018544204267
  4. H. Liu, et al., “Effects of cryogenic treatment on microstructure and abrasion resistance of CrMnB high chromium cast iron subjected to sub-critical treatment”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, pp. 478, 324-328, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.06.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.06.012
  5. Ö. N. Doğan, J. A. Hawk and G. L. laird II, “Solidification structure and abrasion resistance of high chromium white irons”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 28A, pp.1315-1328,1997. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0267-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0267-3
  6. H. Liu, et al., “Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on property of 3Cr13Mo1V1.5 high chromium cast iron”, Materials & Design 28, pp.1059-1064, 2007. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2005.09.007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2005.09.007
  7. A. Kootsookos and J. D. Gates, “The role of secondary carbide precipitation on the fracture toughness of a reduced carbon white iron”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 490, pp. 313-318, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.01.036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2008.01.036
  8. Ș. Yașar, Investigation of wear and microstructure of turbine pallet of sanding machine, Institute of Science and Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2001.
  9. C. Çetinkaya, “An investigation of the wear behaviours of white cast irons under different compositions”, Materials and Design 27, pp. 437-445, 2006. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.11.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.11.021
  10. X. H. Tang, et al., “Microstructure of high (45 wt.%) chromium cast irons and their resistances to wear and corrosion”, Wear 271, pp.1426-1431, 2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.047. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.047
  11. X. Zhi, et al., “Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of a Ti-bearing hypereutectic high chromium white cast iron”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 487, pp.171-179, 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.10.009
  12. I. R. Sare, B. K. Arnold, “The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Gouging Abrasion Resistance of Alloy White Cast Irons”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 26A, pp.357-370, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02664672
  13. A. Wiengmoon, et al., “Microstructural and crystallographical study of carbides in 30wt.%Cr cast irons”, Acta Materialia 53, pp.4143-4154, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2005.05.019
  14. A. E. Karantzalis, A. Lekatou, E. Diavati, “Effect of destabilization heat treatments on the microstructure of high-chromium cast iron: a microscopy examination approach”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 18, pp.1078-1085, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9353-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-009-9353-6
  15. R. J. Chung, et al. “Microstructure refinement of hypereutectic high Cr cast irons using hard carbide-forming elements for improved wear resistance”, Wear 301, pp. 695-706, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.079. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.079
  16. A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, L. Arias and B. Hernández, “Kinetics of secondary carbides precipitation in a high-chromium white iron”, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 12, pp. 371–382, 2003. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105994903770342881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/105994903770342881
  17. ASTM, Standard G 65–00, Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.: ASTM International, 2001.
  18. ASM, Handbook, Friction, Lubrication, and Wear Technology. Décima edición, in: A. International (Ed.) 1992.
  19. V. Dobrovolsky, et al., Machine Elements, Moscow Peace Publisher, 1976.
  20. A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, B. Hernández, and L. Béjar-Gómez, “SEM study on the M7C3 carbide nucleation during eutectic solidification of high-chromium white irons”, Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. 96, pp.1380-1385, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.101188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3139/146.101188
  21. K. A. Kibble, J. T. H. Pearce, “Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of 19% high-chromium cast irons”, Cast Metals 6, pp. 9-15, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09534962.1993.11819121
  22. ASTM, E 975–03, Standard Practice for X-Ray Determination of Retained Austenite in Steel with Near Random Crystallographic Orientation, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.: ASTM International, 2003.
  23. M.-X. Zhang, et al., “Determination of retained austenite using an X-ray texture goniometer”, Materials Characterization 45, pp. 39-49, 2000. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00044-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00044-9
  24. M. Filipović, Ž. Kamberović, M. Korać, “The effect vanadium content and heat treatment on wear resistance and fracture toughness of Fe-Cr-C-V alloy”, Metall. Mater. Eng. 20, pp. 1-13, 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1401001F. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1401001F
  25. B. Hinckley, et al., “Investigation of the Martensitic Transformation in High- Chromium Cast Irons using Microscopy and Microanalysis”, Materials Forum 32, pp. 55-71, 2010. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610058423. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927610058423
  26. J. Wang, et al., “Effects of high temperature and cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and abrasion resistance of a high chromium cast iron”, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, pp. 3236-3240, 2009. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.07.035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.07.035
  27. R. Blickensderfer, J. H. Tylczek and J. Dodd, “The effect of heat treatment on spalling of Cr- Mo white cast iron”, Wear of Materials, pp.471-476, 1983.
  28. F. Marathray, R. Usseglio-Nanot, Atlas: Transformation Characteristics of Chromium and Chromium-Molybdenum White Irons, Paris: C. M. S.A. (Ed.), pp. 149-152, 1970.
  29. Ö. N. Doğan, J. A. Hawk, “Effect of carbide orientation on abrasion of high Cr white cast iron”, Wear 189, pp. 136-142, 1995. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(95)06682-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(95)06682-9

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.