Efecto de la velocidad de avance en procesos de soldadura por arco eléctrico usando el método de elementos finitos
Resumen
La soldadura es un proceso de unión de elementos comúnmente encontrado a nivel industrial donde uno de los tipos de mayor uso es el de arco eléctrico. Para su correcta aplicación se deben tener en cuenta variables como tipo de electrodo, amperaje, voltaje, velocidad de avance, polaridad, tipo de junta, entre otras. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la velocidad de avance, la cual repercute directamente en el modo de transferencia de metal y en la morfología del cordón de soldadura, por lo tanto, se debe definir correctamente con el fin de lograr satisfactoriamente la unión de los materiales. Para determinar su efecto se calculó el perfil térmico en una placa mediante un software de elementos finitos. Los valores de velocidad empleados se tomaron de especificaciones recomendadas por proveedores industriales de consumibles de soldadura. Además, la simulación se realizó para una junta a tope, donde se asumió que la energía aplicada sobre el metal era uniforme y constante sobre un área circular.
Palabras clave
Soldadura, Arco eléctrico, Simulación, Elementos finitos, Velocidad de avance
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