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Estrategias de aprovechamiento del jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) hacia la producción de bioetanol

Resumen

El jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) se considera una especie invasora, debido a su alta adaptabilidad a un amplio tipo de ecosistemas, que afecta el equilibrio natural de los sistemas acuáticos. Su alto desarrollo incide en la reducción del oxígeno, la flora y la fauna en las fuentes de agua y a su difícil erradicación, haciendo necesario considerar buscar aplicaciones del uso de su biomasa, pudiéndose aprovechar como un recurso energético (bioetanol, biogás, briqueta, etc.), debido a que presenta una alta concentración de celulosa y hemicelulosa y un bajo contenido de lignina. La presente revisión muestra el potencial uso que tiene esta planta, indicando los diferentes tipos de procesos que se llevan a cabo para su transformación en la producción de bioetanol, justificando la selección de este tipo de materia prima, seguido de las fases de pretratamiento, hidrólisis, fermentación y destilación que sufre la misma, hasta llegar al producto final. 

Palabras clave

Biomasa, Bioetanol, Jacinto de agua, Lignina

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