Receptividad estigmática e hibridación artificial en frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.))
- Hermes Araméndiz-Tatis
, - Carlos Cardona-Ayala,
- Miguel Espitia-Camacho,
- Jenry Rafael Hernández-Murillo
Resumen
El mejoramiento genético clásico, basado en la selección de individuos superiores y cruzamientos dirigidos, demanda conocer aspectos de la biología floral y reproductiva del fríjol caupí. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la Universidad de Córdoba, mediante dos experimentos: en el primero, se evaluó la receptividad estigmática como tiempo de respuesta al peróxido de hidrógeno, bajo el diseño bloques completos aleatorizados con arreglo factorial 3×4 (tres genotipos: Caupicor 50, Missouri y BRS Milenium, y cuatro horas del día: 7:00 y 9:00 AM, 3:00 y 5:00 PM) y tres repeticiones; en el segundo, se evaluó el porcentaje de cruzamientos viables, bajo un diseño Bloques Completos al azar con arreglo factorial 2×2 (dos cruzamientos: Missouri × IT86 y Missouri × BRS Milenium, dos métodos: 1 (mañana) y 2 (tarde), y cuatro repeticiones. La mayor receptividad estigmática se registró en los genotipos BRS Milenium y Missouri, con tiempo de 3,28±0,07 y 2,01±0,12 min a las 7:00 y 9:00 AM, mientras que Caupicor 50, tiempo de 1,80±0,09 min a las 3:00 AM. Las hibridaciones artificiales realizadas por la mañana registraron los mayores cruzamientos viables, 78,6% en Missouri × BRS Milenium y 57,1% en Missouri × IT86. Por tanto, las hibridaciones artificiales deben hacerse en horas de la mañana debido a un ambiente más propicio para la germinación del grano de polen, dada la mayor receptividad estigmática.
Palabras clave
Estigma floral, Peroxidasa, Emasculación, Antesis, Polinización
Referencias
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