¿Podría la región de producción influir en la calidad y la actividad antioxidante de la manzana de marañón?
- Maria Lucilania Bezerra Almeida
, - Carlos Farley Herbster Moura,
- Renato Innecco,
- Márcia Régia Souza da Silveira,
- Edy Sousa De Brito
Resumen
Dada la escasez de investigaciones relacionada con la interferencia de elementos climáticos en los caracteres cualitativos de los pedúnculos de marañón, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad y actividad antioxidante de pedúnculos de diferentes clones de marañón enano en diferentes condiciones climáticas. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, en arreglo factorial con repeticiones en el tiempo, con tres clones (CCP 09, BRS 265 y PRO 555-1) en dos regiones, una ubicada en la región semiárida de Ceará, sertão (Alto Santo – CE) y en la costa (Beberibe – CE), con cuatro repeticiones y evaluados en diferentes años. En laboratorio, los frutos fueron procesados para obtener la pulpa y evaluados para: sólidos solubles (SS, °Brix), acidez titulable (AT, % ácido málico), SS/AT, azúcares solubles (AS, % glucosa), vitamina C (mg/100 g), polifenoles extraíbles totales (PET, mg 100 g-1), ácido cinámico (AC, mg L-1), transcinamoil glucósido (TG, mg L-1) y actividad antioxidante total (AAT, µmol Trolox/g). Los valores medios más altos de SS, AT, AS, vitamina C, TG, PET y AAT se observaron en los pedúnculos producidos en la sertão. ‘CCP 09’ mostró una calidad superior a los demás clones, respondiendo positivamente a las variaciones de las condiciones ambientales. La calidad y la actividad antioxidante del marañón están influenciadas por los elementos climáticos de cada región, así como por el año de producción y el genotipo. La actividad antioxidante atribuida a los pedúnculos analizados se relacionó más fuertemente con el contenido de PET y TG.
Palabras clave
Anacardium occidentale L., Poscosecha, Compuestos bioactivos, Elementos climáticos
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