Papel del calcio en la apertura y el cierre estomático y sus interacciones con solutos compatibles. Una revisión
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Resumen
Los canales transportan el Ca, pero es este el que está involucrado en la transducción de señales. Su apertura resulta en una disminución de la concentración de calcio citoplasmático lo cual genera variaciones espaciales y temporales de este elemento dentro de la célula, y puede llegar a causar diversas respuestas fisiológicas a diferentes estímulos bióticos y abióticos. Los canales de calcio permeables se han reportado en la membrana plasmática, tonoplasto, retículo endoplasmático, cloroplastos y las membranas nucleares de las células vegetales. El cierre de los estomas en presencia del ácido abscísico (ABA) y las actividades de los canales de calcio durante la respuesta al estrés, generan importancia a las variaciones del calcio, pues en las células guarda, las oscilaciones de Ca²+ regulan la apertura de los estomas. La sequía es uno de los mayores problemas de estrés en la agricultura. Las plantas sintetizan principalmente la hormona del estrés ABA en respuesta a la sequía, lo que provoca una cascada de señalización en las células guarda que se traduce en el cierre de los estomas, y reduce la pérdida de agua que puede influir en el uso eficiente del agua (EUA) en las plantas. Este cierre estomático involucra una relación entre el Ca²+ y el óxido nítrico ya que son intermediarios en la transducción de señales de ABA por efecto de la luz en la apertura estomática, pues es conocido que el ABA puede provocar una elevación de la concentración de Ca²+ citosólico de las células guarda, lo que ocasiona el cierre de estomas y la disminución en el proceso fotosintético.
Palabras clave adicionales: células guarda, ácido abscísico, canales de calcio, vacuola, estrés
Biografía del autor/a
Andrea Johana Reyes
Administrativo Profesional
Oficina Educación Virtual
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