Efecto de la aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento sobre la germinación de semillas de badea (Passiflora quadrangularis L.) en condiciones de invernadero
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Carranza, C., Castellanos, G., Deaza, D., & Miranda, D. (2017). Efecto de la aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento sobre la germinación de semillas de badea (Passiflora quadrangularis L.) en condiciones de invernadero. Revista Colombiana De Ciencias Hortícolas, 10(2), 284-291. https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2016v10i2.5791
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Autores
Carlos CarranzaGerman Castellanos
Diego Deaza
Diego Miranda
Abstract
La badea es una de las frutas priorizadas por la cadena de pasifloras debido a su potencial de exportación. Las semillas de esta especie, presentan una baja germinación conllevando a requerir un mayor número de semillas y por ende una baja eficiencia en la producción de plántulas. Investigaciones sobre el tema han encontrado estimulación en la germinación con la aplicación de reguladores de crecimiento comoel ácido giberélico, ácido indulbutirico, zeatina, ethephon y KNO3. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación exógena de reguladores de crecimiento sobre la germinación de semillas de badea en condiciones de invernadero. Los tratamientos consistieron en la aplicación de los siguientes reguladores de crecimiento: ácido giberélico (400, 800 y 1.200 ppm), ácido indolbutirico (200, 400 y 600 ppm), zeatina (0,5, 1 y 2 ppm), ethephon (100, 200 y 300 ppm), KNO3 (0,4, 0,6 y 0,8% p/v) y un testigo. Se estableció en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 4 repeticiones. Las semillas fueron establecidas en bandejas de germinación con sustrato turbia rubia (Klassman®). Se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación (PG), el tiempo medio de germinación (TMG) y la velocidad media de germinación (VMG). Los resultados más relevantes muestran diferencias significativas entre los porcentajes de germinación con la aplicación de 1.200 ppm de GA3 y Nitrato de Potasio al 0,4% con 54,5% y 59% respectivamente, disminuyendo el tiempo medio de germinación con 29,4 y 30,3 días y aumenta la velocidad de germinación de la semilla de badea con 6,55 y 6,39 semillas/día. Estos resultados contribuirán a mejorar la eficiencia de los procesos de reproducción sexual desarrollados por los viveristas que propagan badea en Colombia.
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References
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Karssen, C.M., S. Zagórsky, J. Kepczynski y S.P.C. Groot. 1989. Key role for endogenous gibberellins in the control of seed germination. Ann. Bot. 63, 71-80.
Kenanoglu, B.B., I. Demir, K. Mavi, H. Yetisir y D. Keles. 2007. Effect of priming of germination of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes at low temperatures. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi 12(3), 169-175.
Khan, A.A. y X.L. Huang. 1988. Synergistic enhancement of ethylene production and germination with kinetin and1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid in lettuce seeds exposed to salinity stress. Plant Physiol. 87, 847- 852. Doi: 10.1104/pp.87.4.847
Khan, M.A. e I.A. Ungar. 1997. Alleviation of seed dormancy in the desert forb Zygophyllum simplex L. from Pakistan. Ann. Bot. 80, 395-400. Doi: 10.1006/anbo.1997.0449
Kucera, B., M.A. Cohn y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2005. Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Sci. Res. 15, 281-307. Doi: 10.1079/SSR2005218
Hentrich, M., C. Boettcher y P. Duchting. 2013. The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression. Plant J. 74, 626-637. Doi: 10.1111/tpj.12152
MADR. 2015. Boletín cadena de pasifloras. En: Sistema de Información de Gestión y Desempeño de Organizaciones de Cadenas. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá.
Matilla, A.J. y M.A. Matilla-Vázquez. 2008. Involvement of ethylene in seed physiology. Plant Sci. 175, 87-97. Doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.01.014
Miransari, M. y D.L. Smith. 2014. Plant hormones and seed germination. Environ. Exp. Bot. 99, 110-121. Doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.11.005
Montero, D.AV., M.O.M. Marques, L.M.M. Meletti, M.H. Van Kampen y S.C. Polozzi. 2016. Floral scent of Brazilian Passiflora: five species analised by dynamic headspace. Anais Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 88(3), 1191-1200. Doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150285
Muller, K., A. Linkies, R.A.M Vreeburg, S.C. Fry, A. Krieger- Liszkay y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2009. In vivo cell wall loosening by hydroxyl radicals during cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed germination and elongation growth. Plant Physiol. 150, 1855-1865. Doi: 101104/pp.109.139204
Murdoch, A.J. y R.H. Ellis. 2000. Dormancy, viability and longevity. pp. 183-214. En: Ferner, M. (ed.). Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plants communities. CAB Internacional, Wallingford, UK. Doi: 10.1079/9780851994321.0183
Nascimento, W.M. 2000. Envolvimento do etileno na germinação de sementes. Rev. Bras. Fisiol. Veg. 12, 163-174.
Nikolic, R., N. Mitic, R. Miletic y M. Neskovic. 2006. Effects of cytokinins on in vitro seed germination and early seedling morphogenesis in Lotus corniculatus L. J. Plant Growth Regul. 25, 187-194. Doi: 10.1007/s00344-005-0129-4
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Pennazio, S. y P. Roggero. 1991. Effects of exogenous salicylate on basal and stress induced ethylene formation in soybean. Biol. Plant. 33, 58-65. Doi: 10.1007/BF02873789
Ranal, M. y D.G. de Santana. 2006. How and why to measure the germination process? Rev. Bras. Bot. 29(1), 1-11. Doi: 10.1590/S0100-84042006000100002
Seo, M., E. Nambara, G. Choi y S. Yamaguchi. 2009. Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. Plant Mol. Biol. 69, 463-472. Doi: 10.1007/s11103-008-9429-y
Taiz, L. y E. Zeiger. 2004. Fisiología vegetal. 3a ed. Artmed, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
Toyomasu, T., H. Yamane, N. Murofushi y Y. Inoue. 1994. Effects of exogenously applied gibberellin and red light on the endogenous levels of abscisic acid in photoblastic lettuce seeds. Plant Cell Physiol. 35, 127-129.
Wang, A.X., X.F. Wang, Y.F. Ren, X.M. Gong y J.D. Bewley. 2005a. Endo-bmannanase and b-mannosidase activities in rice grains during and following germination, and the influence of gibberellin and abscisic acid. Seed Sci. Res. 15, 219-227. Doi: 10.1079/SSR2005212
Wang, X., X. Li, J. Meisenhelder, T. Hunter, S. Yoshida, T. Asami y J. Chory. 2005b. Autoregulation and homodimerization are involved in the activation of the plant steroid receptor BRI1. Develop. Cell 8, 855-865. Doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.05.001
Werner, T., V. Motyka, M. Strnad y T. Schmulling. 2001. Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10487-10492. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.171304098
White, C.N. y C.J. Rivin. 2000. Gibberellins and seed development in maize II. Gibberellin synthesis inhibition enhances abscisic acid signaling in cultured embryos. Plant Physiol. 122, 1089-1097. Doi: 10.1104/pp.122.4.1089
White, C.N., W.M. Proebsting, P. Hedden y C.J. Rivin. 2000. Gibberellins and seed development in maize I. Evidence that gibberellin/abscisic acid balance governs germination versus maturation pathways. Plant Physiol. 122, 1081-1088. Doi: 10.1104/pp.122.4.1081
Zapata, P.J., M. Serrano, M.T. Pretel, A. Amorós y M.A. Botella. 2004. Polyamines and ethylene changes during germination of different plant species under salinity. Plant Sci. 167, 781-788. Doi: 10.1007/s10535-015-0510-5
Zheng, C., D. Jiang, F. Liub, T. Dai, W. Liu, Q. Jing y W. Cao. 2009. Exogenous nitric oxide improves seed germination in wheat against mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by high salinity. Environ. Exp. Bot. 67, 222-227. Doi: 10.3390/ijms12042488
Ali-Rachedi, S., D. Bouinot, M.H. Wagner, M. Bonnet, B. Sotta, P. Grappin y M. Jullien. 2004. Changes in endogenous abscisic acid levels during dormancy reléase and maintenance of mature seeds: studies with the Cape Verde Islands ecotype the dormant model of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 219, 479-488. Doi: 10.1007/s00425-004-1251-4
Anjum, T. y R. Bajwa. 2005. Importance of germination indices in interpretation of allelochemical effects. Intern. J. Agric. Biol. 7(3), 417-419. Doi: 1560-8530/2005/07-3-417-419
Atia, A., A. Debez, Z. Barhoumi, A. Smaoui y C. Abdelly. 2009. ABA GA3, and nitrate may control seed germination of Crithmum maritimum (Apiaceae) under saline conditions. Com. Rend. Biol. 332, 704-710. Doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.03.009
Atici, O., G. Agar y P. Battal. 2005. Changes in phytohormone contents in chickpea seeds germinating under lead or zink stress. Biol. Plant. 49, 215-222. Doi: 10.1007/s10535-005-5222-9
Bewley, J.D. 1997. Seed germination and dormancy. Plant Cell 9, 1055-1066.
Caldeira, M.L. 1989. Indução química do florescimento em manga. pp. 63-157. En: Anais Simpósio sobre Mangicultura 2. FUNEP, Jaboticabal, Brasil.
Corbineau, F., Q. Xia, C. Bailly y H. El-Maarouf-Bouteau. 2014. Ethylene, a key factor in the regulation of seed dormancy. Front. Plant Sci. 5, 1-13. Doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00539
Chen, J., 2008. Heterotrimeric G-proteins in plant development. Front. Biosci. 13, 3321-3333.
Chibani, K., S. Ali-Rachedi, C. Job, D. Job, M. Jullien y P. Grappin. 2006. Proteomic analysis of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 142, 1493-1510. Doi: 10.1104/pp.106.087452
Chiwocha, S.D., A.J. Cutler, S.R. Abrams, S.J. Ambrose, J. Yang, A.R. Ross y A.R. Kermode. 2005. The etr1- 2 mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana affects the abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin metabolic pathways during maintenance of seed dormancy, moistchilling and germination. Plant J. 42, 35-48. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2005.02359.x
Ellis, R., T. Hong y E. Roberts. 1985. Handbook of seed technology for genebanks. Vol. II: Compendium of specific germination. Information and test recommendations. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), Roma.
FAO. 2005. Commodities and trade division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Roma.
Finch-Savage, W. y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2006. Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytol. 171, 501-523. Doi: 10.1104/pp.106.087452
Finkelstein, R., W. Reeves, T. Ariizumi y C. Steber. 2008. Molecular aspects of seed dormancy. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 59, 387-415. Doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092740
Fu, X. y N.P. Harberd. 2003. Auxin promotes Arabidopsis root growth by modulating gibberellin response. Nature 421, 740-743. Doi: 10.1038/nature01387
Graeber, K., A. Linkies, K. Muller, A. Wunchova, A. Rott y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2010. Cross-species approaches to seed dormancy and germination: conservation and biodiversity of ABA-regulated mechanisms and the Brassicaceae DOG1 genes. Plant Mol. Biol. 73, 67-87. Doi: 10.1007/s11103-009-9583-x
Graeber, K., K. Nakabayashi, E. Miatton, G. Leubner-Metzger y W. Soppe. 2012. Molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy. Plant Cell Environ. 35, 1769-1786. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02542.x
Groot, S.P.C. y C.M. Karssen. 1992. Dormancy and germination of abscisic acid deficient tomato seeds: studies with the sitiens mutant. Plant Physiol. 99, 952-958. Doi: 10.1104/pp.99.3.952
Hermann, K., J. Meinhard, P. Dobrev, A. Linkies, B. Pesek, B. Heβ, I. Machackova, U. Fischer y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2007. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and abscisic acid during the germination of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) - A comparative study of fruits and seeds. J. Exp. Bot. 58, 3047-3060. Doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm162
Karssen, C.M., S. Zagórsky, J. Kepczynski y S.P.C. Groot. 1989. Key role for endogenous gibberellins in the control of seed germination. Ann. Bot. 63, 71-80.
Kenanoglu, B.B., I. Demir, K. Mavi, H. Yetisir y D. Keles. 2007. Effect of priming of germination of Lagenaria siceraria genotypes at low temperatures. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi 12(3), 169-175.
Khan, A.A. y X.L. Huang. 1988. Synergistic enhancement of ethylene production and germination with kinetin and1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylic acid in lettuce seeds exposed to salinity stress. Plant Physiol. 87, 847- 852. Doi: 10.1104/pp.87.4.847
Khan, M.A. e I.A. Ungar. 1997. Alleviation of seed dormancy in the desert forb Zygophyllum simplex L. from Pakistan. Ann. Bot. 80, 395-400. Doi: 10.1006/anbo.1997.0449
Kucera, B., M.A. Cohn y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2005. Plant hormone interactions during seed dormancy release and germination. Seed Sci. Res. 15, 281-307. Doi: 10.1079/SSR2005218
Hentrich, M., C. Boettcher y P. Duchting. 2013. The jasmonic acid signaling pathway is linked to auxin homeostasis through the modulation of YUCCA8 and YUCCA9 gene expression. Plant J. 74, 626-637. Doi: 10.1111/tpj.12152
MADR. 2015. Boletín cadena de pasifloras. En: Sistema de Información de Gestión y Desempeño de Organizaciones de Cadenas. Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá.
Matilla, A.J. y M.A. Matilla-Vázquez. 2008. Involvement of ethylene in seed physiology. Plant Sci. 175, 87-97. Doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.01.014
Miransari, M. y D.L. Smith. 2014. Plant hormones and seed germination. Environ. Exp. Bot. 99, 110-121. Doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2013.11.005
Montero, D.AV., M.O.M. Marques, L.M.M. Meletti, M.H. Van Kampen y S.C. Polozzi. 2016. Floral scent of Brazilian Passiflora: five species analised by dynamic headspace. Anais Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 88(3), 1191-1200. Doi: 10.1590/0001-3765201620150285
Muller, K., A. Linkies, R.A.M Vreeburg, S.C. Fry, A. Krieger- Liszkay y G. Leubner-Metzger. 2009. In vivo cell wall loosening by hydroxyl radicals during cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed germination and elongation growth. Plant Physiol. 150, 1855-1865. Doi: 101104/pp.109.139204
Murdoch, A.J. y R.H. Ellis. 2000. Dormancy, viability and longevity. pp. 183-214. En: Ferner, M. (ed.). Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plants communities. CAB Internacional, Wallingford, UK. Doi: 10.1079/9780851994321.0183
Nascimento, W.M. 2000. Envolvimento do etileno na germinação de sementes. Rev. Bras. Fisiol. Veg. 12, 163-174.
Nikolic, R., N. Mitic, R. Miletic y M. Neskovic. 2006. Effects of cytokinins on in vitro seed germination and early seedling morphogenesis in Lotus corniculatus L. J. Plant Growth Regul. 25, 187-194. Doi: 10.1007/s00344-005-0129-4
Nonogaki, H., G.W. Bassel y D. Bewley. 2010. Germination - still a mystery. Plant Sci. 179, 574-581. Doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.02.010
Peleg, Z. y E. Blumwald. 2011. Hormone balance and abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 14, 290-295. Doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.02.001
Pennazio, S. y P. Roggero. 1991. Effects of exogenous salicylate on basal and stress induced ethylene formation in soybean. Biol. Plant. 33, 58-65. Doi: 10.1007/BF02873789
Ranal, M. y D.G. de Santana. 2006. How and why to measure the germination process? Rev. Bras. Bot. 29(1), 1-11. Doi: 10.1590/S0100-84042006000100002
Seo, M., E. Nambara, G. Choi y S. Yamaguchi. 2009. Interaction of light and hormone signals in germinating seeds. Plant Mol. Biol. 69, 463-472. Doi: 10.1007/s11103-008-9429-y
Taiz, L. y E. Zeiger. 2004. Fisiología vegetal. 3a ed. Artmed, Porto Alegre, Brasil.
Toyomasu, T., H. Yamane, N. Murofushi y Y. Inoue. 1994. Effects of exogenously applied gibberellin and red light on the endogenous levels of abscisic acid in photoblastic lettuce seeds. Plant Cell Physiol. 35, 127-129.
Wang, A.X., X.F. Wang, Y.F. Ren, X.M. Gong y J.D. Bewley. 2005a. Endo-bmannanase and b-mannosidase activities in rice grains during and following germination, and the influence of gibberellin and abscisic acid. Seed Sci. Res. 15, 219-227. Doi: 10.1079/SSR2005212
Wang, X., X. Li, J. Meisenhelder, T. Hunter, S. Yoshida, T. Asami y J. Chory. 2005b. Autoregulation and homodimerization are involved in the activation of the plant steroid receptor BRI1. Develop. Cell 8, 855-865. Doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.05.001
Werner, T., V. Motyka, M. Strnad y T. Schmulling. 2001. Regulation of plant growth by cytokinin. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10487-10492. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.171304098
White, C.N. y C.J. Rivin. 2000. Gibberellins and seed development in maize II. Gibberellin synthesis inhibition enhances abscisic acid signaling in cultured embryos. Plant Physiol. 122, 1089-1097. Doi: 10.1104/pp.122.4.1089
White, C.N., W.M. Proebsting, P. Hedden y C.J. Rivin. 2000. Gibberellins and seed development in maize I. Evidence that gibberellin/abscisic acid balance governs germination versus maturation pathways. Plant Physiol. 122, 1081-1088. Doi: 10.1104/pp.122.4.1081
Zapata, P.J., M. Serrano, M.T. Pretel, A. Amorós y M.A. Botella. 2004. Polyamines and ethylene changes during germination of different plant species under salinity. Plant Sci. 167, 781-788. Doi: 10.1007/s10535-015-0510-5
Zheng, C., D. Jiang, F. Liub, T. Dai, W. Liu, Q. Jing y W. Cao. 2009. Exogenous nitric oxide improves seed germination in wheat against mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by high salinity. Environ. Exp. Bot. 67, 222-227. Doi: 10.3390/ijms12042488
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