Digital transformation in the tourism sector: the key role of social networks
Abstract
The research seeks to establish the use of social networks in companies in the tourism sector, especially to identify the most popular networks, their type and the role they play in these companies. The problem was approached through a systematic literature review, focused on the use of social networks in tourism companies. The Scopus database was consulted, initially finding 179 articles, using the keywords: social media, tourism and hotels. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 articles were identified. The findings indicate that the Tripadvisor network, specialized in the tourism sector, is the most used, followed by Facebook and Twitter, which are generalist networks. It is concluded that social networks have transformed the way in which users in the hotel sector interact, research and make decisions about their accommodations, consulting the opinions and previous experiences of other users.
Keywords
social media, social networks, tourism, hotels
Author Biography
José Morelos-Gómez
Industrial Engineer, PhD. in Social Sciences - Management
Diego Alfonso Cardona-Arbeláez
Business Administrator, Doctor of Business Administration
Harold Steve Lora-Guzmán
Productivity and Quality Engineer, PhD. in Social Sciences - Management
References
- Abbasi, A. Z., Tsiotsou, R. H., Hussain, K., Rather, R. A., & Ting, D. H. (2023). Investigating the impact of social media images’ value, consumer engagement, and involvement on eWOM of a tourism destination: A transmittal mediation approach. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 71, 103231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103231
- Albacete, C., & Herrera, M. (2012). Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el sector turístico: Una aproximación al uso de las redes sociales.
- An, Q., Ma, Y., Du, Q., Xiang, Z., & Fan, W. (2020). Role of user-generated photos in online hotel reviews: An analytical approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45(November), 633–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.11.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.11.002
- Barbe, D., & Pennington-Gray, L. (2018). Using situational crisis communication theory to understand Orlando hotels’ Twitter response to three crises in the summer of 2016. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 1 (3), 258–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-02-2018-0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-02-2018-0009
- Bolzán, R. E., & Fernandes-Ferreira, L. V. (2020). Co-creación de calidad en servicios turísticos en comunidades virtuales: Un estudio a partir de interacciones vía web entre huéspedes y hoteles en Natal - Brasil. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 29 (1), 154-172.
- Branch. (2020). Estadísticas de la situación digital de Colombia en el 2019 y 2020 Branch. Marketing Digital.
- Cascales, G., Fuentes, L., & De Esteban, J. (2017). La interacción de los hoteles con las redes sociales: un análisis de los hoteles de cuatro estrellas de la Comunidad de Madrid (España). Cuadernos de Turismo, 39, 131–148. https://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/290471/212051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6018/turismo.39.290471
- Chajin-Florez, M. (2022). Propuesta de un modelo sistémico para la investigación turística. Saber, Ciencia y Libertad, 17 (2). https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2022v17n2.9279 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2022v17n2.9279
- Chan, I. C. C., Fong, D. K. C., Law, R., & Fong, L. H. N. (2018). State-of-the-art social customer relationship management. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23 (5), 423–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1466813 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1466813
- Dimitriou, C. K., & AbouElgheit, E. (2019). Understanding generation Z’s social decision-making in travel. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 25 (2), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.25.2.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20867/thm.25.2.4
- Echeverri-Sucerquia, P. A., & Quinchía-Ortiz, D. I. (2023). The development of tourism and its relationship whit foreign languages: the case of Antioquia (Colombia). Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 13 (1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16068
- Fontalvo, W., Mendoza-Vega, L., Diaz-Solano, B., Hereira, M. J., Torres, D., Diago, F., & Martinez, J. (2022). Caracterización y uso de las redes sociales en las empresas del sector hotelero en la ciudad de Barranquilla - Colombia. Saber, Ciencia y Libertad, 17 (2), 238–256. https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2022v17n2.9278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2022v17n2.9278
- García, J., Rodríguez-Vázquez, A. I., & Soengas-Pérez, X. (2022). Co-creation in North American and European digital native media: Web, social networks and offline spaces. Journalism, 23 (9), 1955-1974. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884920984698
- González-Calixto, M. B., Córdoba-Andrade, L., & Martínez-González, A. I. C. (2023). Motivación de emprendimiento turístico: panorámica basada en el análisis bibliométrico de la investigación empírica. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 13 (1), 101-114. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16069
- Gutiérrez-Montoya, G. A., Sánchez-Jiménez, M. Á., & Coronil, A. G. (2018). Redes sociales como medio de promoción turística en los países iberoamericanos. Retos, 8 (15), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n15.2018.09 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17163/ret.n15.2018.09
- Hariri, N., & Anbari, A. M. (2022). Evaluation of Persian professional web social networks' Features, to Provide a Suitable solution for optimization of these networks in Iran. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 28 (2), 455-477. https://jipm.irandoc.ac.ir/article_699202.html?lang=en
- Hernández-Suarez, C. A., Espinel-Rubio, G. A., & Prada-Núñez, R. (2022). Competencias TIC del docente en época de no presencialidad: Una mirada desde los estudiantes de comunicación social. Saber, Ciencia y Libertad, 17 (1). https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2022v17n1.7825 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2022v17n1.7825
- Hidalgo- Downing, R. Á. (2020). Variación de estilo en interacciones digitales: huéspedes y hoteles en reseñas TripAdvisor. Doxa Comunicación. Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudios de Comunicación y Ciencias Sociales, 361–380. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n31a18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n31a18
- Kuz, A., Falco, M., & Giandini, R. (2016). Análisis de redes sociales: Un caso práctico. Computación y Sistemas, 20 (1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.13053/CyS-20-1-2321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13053/cys-20-1-2321
- Ly, B. (2020). Effect of Social Media in Tourism (Case in Cambodia). Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 9 (1), 424.
- López, J. (2019, December 29). Ocho de cada 10 colombianos en redes sociales son usuarios que están activos. La República.
- Maldonado, I. C., & Segura, A. N. (2018). Uso de las Redes Sociales en la Promoción de los Destinos Turísticos de Muisne, Esmeraldas. Revista Científica Hallazgos21, 3(1), 57–68. https://revistas.pucese.edu.ec/hallazgos21/article/view/211
- Miranda, A., & Cruz, I. (2017). Uso de las redes sociales digitales en empresas hoteleras en la ciudad de Tijuana, Baja California. Revista Nacional de Administración, 8 (1), 46–60. https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/rna/article/view/1327/2172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22458/rna.v8i1.1327
- Morillo-Moreno, M. C. (2011). Turismo y producto turístico. Evolución, conceptos, componentes y clasificación. Visión Gerencial, 1, 135–158.
- Otero-Gómez, M. C., & Giraldo-Pérez, W. (2023). La resistencia a la información negativa online de marcas bancarias a partir de las actitudes del consumidor. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 13 (1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16062
- Pérez, G. (2015). La Web 2.0 y la sociedad de la información. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 56(212).
- Pertegal-Vega, M. Á., Oliva-Delgado, A., & Rodríguez-Meirinhos, A. (2019). Revisión sistemática del panorama de la investigación sobre redes sociales: Taxonomía sobre experiencias de uso. Comunicar, 60, 81-91. https://idus.us.es/handle/11441/87828 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3916/C60-2019-08
- Phillips, P., Zigan, K., Silva, M. M. S., & Schegg, R. (2015). The interactive effects of online reviews on the determinants of Swiss hotel performance: A neural network analysis. Tourism Management, 50 (1), 130-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.01.028
- Rodríguez-Herráez, B., Pérez, D., & Saura, J. R. (2017). Information classification on social networks. Content analysis of e-commerce companies on Twitter. Revista Espacios, 38 (52).
- Ruiz-Bolívar, C. (2016). Redes Sociales y Educación Universitaria. Paradigma, 37 (1), 232–256.
- Sahoo, S. R., & Gupta, B. B. (2019). Classification of various attacks and their defence mechanism in online social networks: a survey. Enterprise Information Systems, 13 (6), 832-864. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1605542 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2019.1605542
- Sánchez-Jiménez, M. Á., Fernández-Alles, M. T., & Mier-Terán Franco, J. J. (2020). El uso y la importancia de las redes sociales en el sector hotelero desde la perspectiva de los responsables de su gestión. Investigaciones Turísticas, (20), 50–78. https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2020.20.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/INTURI2020.20.03
- Sánchez, C., & Tena, A. (2019). Social media: desarrollo del plan de social media de una empresa.
- Schuckert, M, Liu, X., & Law, R. (2015). Hospitality and Tourism Online Reviews: Recent Trends and Future Directions. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32 (5), 608–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.933154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2014.933154
- Shankar, M. S., & Hampesh, K. S. (2023). Impact of Travel Blogs and Vlogs in Social Media on Tourism. International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences, 1(7), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i01.004
- Sicilia, M., Palazón, M., López, I., & López, M. (2022). Marketing en redes sociales. Alpha Editorial.
- Takyiakwaa, D. (2019). Social Networks in Urban Situations: Analyses of Personal Relationships in Central African Towns. Edited by J. Clyde Mitchell. Migration Studies, 7(3), 384–386. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny045
- Uslu-Cibere, G., Basaran, M. A., & Kantarci, K. (2020). Evaluation of hotel performance attributes through consumer generated reviews: The case of bratislava1. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 8 (1), 48–75. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.592312 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.592312
- Van Der Zee, E., Bertocchi, D., & Vanneste, D. (2020). Distribution of tourists within urban heritage destinations: A hot spot/cold spot analysis of TripAdvisor data as support for destination management. Current Issues in Tourism, 23 (2), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1491955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1491955
- Varkaris, E., & Neuhofer, B. (2017). The influence of social media on the consumers’ hotel decision journey. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 8 (1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2016-0058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-09-2016-0058
- Wang, X. L., Heo, C. Y., Schwartz, Z., Legohérel, P., & Specklin, F. (2015). Revenue management: Progress, challenges, and research prospects. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 32 (7), 797–811. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1063798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2015.1063798
- We Are Social. (2023). Digital 2019: Global Internet Use Accelerates - We Are Social. Digital Global Internet.
- World Tourism Organization, WTO. (2011). Recomendaciones internacionales para estadísticas de turismo 2008 (1st ed., Vol. 83).
- Yilmaz, E. (2019). The Effects on Consumer Behavior of Hotel Related Comments on the TripAdvisor Website: An Istanbul Case. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), December. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.536303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.536303
- Zazueta, M., De las Heras, C., & Jambrino, C. (2018). El uso de Twitter y Facebook como herramienta de eCRM en el sector turístico institucional en México. Caso: Secretaría de Turismo del estado de Guanajuato. GT 2 Comunicación Organizacional y Relaciones Públicas, 63–68