Capital Structure: An Empirical Study of the Main Colombian Airlines

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19053/01203053.v39.n70.2020.10612

Keywords:

capital structure; airline industry; profitability; economic analysis; microeconomics;

Abstract

The competitiveness of the market has led the different airlines to rethink their capital structure to achieve a combination of debt and equity, which allows them to obtain higher profitability. This research aims to identify the determinants of the capital structure and establish which theory explains in better way financing decisions in six Colombian airlines that transport passengers. To this end, a data panel regression was used with a fixed-effects model, considering semiannual information collected between 2012 and 2017. The results show that operational profitability, growth, asset structure and company size are the main determinants of the capital structure, aligning this with what is indicated in the trade off theory and the pecking order theory.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. (2017). La aviación en cifras. Aeronáutica Civil-Unidad Administrativa Especial.

2. Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. (2018a). Calidad del servicio de transporte aéreo. http://www.aerocivil.gov.co/atencion/estadisticas-de-las-actividades-aeronauticas/calidad-del-servicio-de-transporte-aereo

3. Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. (2018b, abr.). Reglamentos aeronáuticos de Colombia. http://www.aerocivil.gov.co/normatividad/RAC/RAC%20%203%20-%20Actividades%20A%C3%A9reas%20Civiles.pdf

4. Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. (2019a). Boletín costos de operacion II semestre. http://www.aerocivil.gov.co/atencion/estadisticas-de-las-actividades-aeronauticas/boletines-financieros

5. Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. (2019b, 17 ene.). 2018 cerró con un alto crecimiento de pasajeros movilizados vía aérea. http://www.aerocivil.gov.co/prensa/noticias/Pages/2018-cerr%C3%B3-con-un-alto-crecimiento-de-pasajeros-movilizados-v%C3%ADa-a%C3%A9rea.aspx

6. Aeronáutica Civil de Colombia. (2019c, 28 feb.). Más de 69 millones de viajeros se movilizaron. http://www.aerocivil.gov.co/prensa/noticias/Pages/M%C3%A1s-de-69-millones-de-viajeros-se-movilizaron-por-v%C3%ADa-a%C3%A9rea-en-2018.aspx

7. Akgül, E. F., & Sigali, S. (Enero de 2018). Determinants of Capital Structure: An Application on BIST Transportation Index. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322203097_Determinants_of_Capital_Structure_An_Application_on_BIST_Transportation_Index

8. Alahyari, A. (2014, Aug.). Determinants of Profitability in the Airline Industry: A Comparison with Turkish Airlines. http://i-rep.emu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11129/1600/AlahyariAmirhassan.pdf?sequence=1

9. Arango, C. & Cadena, C. (2018). La estructura de capital de las aerolíneas. https://repository.cesa.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10726/1863/MFC_812.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

10. Avianca Airlines. (2018, mayo). ¿Quiénes somos? https://www.avianca.com/ca/es/sobre-nosotros/quienes-somos/

11. Avianca S.A. (2017). Estados financieros separados. Bogotá D.C.

12. Azofra, V. & Fernández, A. I. (1999). Las finanzas empresariales 40 años después de las proposiciones de MM. Teorías y realidades. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=65346

13. Banco Mundial. (2019a). Crecimiento del PIB (% anual). https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?end=2017&locations=CO&start=2011

14. Banco Mundial. (2019b). Transporte aéreo, pasajeros transportados. https://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/IS.AIR.PSGR

15. Baronio, A. & Vianco, A. (2014, nov.). Datos de panel: guía para el uso de Eviews. http://www.econometricos.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/datos-de-panel.pdf

16. Barcelonactiva. (2012, nov.). Estructuras low cost: modelo ganador. https://treball.barcelonactiva.cat/porta22/images/es/Barcelona_treball_capsula_sectorial_transporte_aereo_noviembre2012_es_tcm24-22873.pdf

17. Briceño, D. C. & López, O. (2011). Importancia del combustible en el transporte aéreo colombiano. https://repository.unimilitar.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10654/3217/BricenoMorenoDianaCarolina2011.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

18. Capobianco, H. & Fernandes, E. (2004, 12 mar.). Capital Structure in the World Airline Industry. Elsevier, (38), 421-434. https://afraassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Capital-structure-in-the-world-airline-industry.pdf

19. Chacón, J. (2013, 21 mayo). Interbolsa no manda en Easy Fly. https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/economia/interbolsa-no-manda-easy-fly-articulo-423360

20. CopaAirlines. (2017). Resultados trimestrales. https://copa.gcs-web.com/financial-information/quarterly-results

21. Damodaran, A. (2019, 5 ene.). Capital Structure. Operating Lease Adjusted Values for Debt, Returns and Earnings (Global). http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datacurrent.html

22. Demirhan, A. (2009). Bankalarin sektörel paylarindaki değişimin nitel bağimli değişkenli panel veri modeliyle analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Dergisi-Yönetim, 20(64), 78-97. http://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423905599.pdf

23. Díaz, O. (2015, 18 mayo). Análisis del desarrollo reciente del transporte aéreo en Colombia. Revista Transporte y Territorio, 122-143.

24. Durand, D. (1952). Costs of Debt and Equity Funds for Business: Trends and Problems of Measurement. En National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/chapters/c4790.pdf

25. Easyfly. (2019). A cerca de nosotros. https://www.easyfly.com.co/terminos-de-uso/acerca-de-nosotros

26. Erickson, S. & Trevino, R. (1994). A Pecking Order Approach to Leasing: The Airline Industry Case. Journal of Financial and Strategic Decisions, 7(3), 71-81. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fe5b/8a8ee48f748edc8326b8d412bc60f6c82ba5.pdf

27. EViews. (2018, 1 nov.). EViews 9.5 Patch Installer. https://www.eviews.com/download/ev9download.html

28. Graham, B. & Dodd, D. (1940). Security Analysis: The Classic 1940 Edition (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

29. Guthmann, H., & Dougall, H. (1955). Corporate Financial Policy (3rd ed.). Prentice-Hall.

30. International Credit Rating. (2018, ene.). Criterio: clasificación de compañías holdings y sus filiales. http://www.icrchile.cl/metodologias/Criterio-Clasificacion-de-Companias-Holdings-y-sus-Filiales.pdf

31. Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976, oct.). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X7690026X

32. Kasim, K. & Nurhan, A. (2018). Factors that Determine the Capital Structure: An Empirical Study on Low-cost Airlines. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 65(3), 227-246. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327751039_Factors_that_Determine_the_Capital_Structure_An_Empirical_Study_on_Low-cost_Airlines

33. Khalil, F. M. (2017, nov.). Capital Structure in the Airline Industry. An Empirical Study of Determinants of Capital Structure. https://bspace.buid.ac.ae/bitstream/1234/1131/1/2014209061.pdf

34. Latam Airlines. (2017). Memoria 2017. http://memoria2017.marketinglatam.net/es/nuestra-empresa/latam-cifras/1.php

35. Latam Airlines. (2019). Conócenos. https://www.latam.com/es_co/conocenos/historia/

36. Leggett, T. (2011, 19 nov.). BBC News. El auge de la aviación, ¿es sostenible? https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2011/11/111118_economia_auge_aviacion_en

37. Modigliani, F. & Miller, M. (1958, jun.). The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment. The American Economic Review, 48(3), 261-297. https://gvpesquisa.fgv.br/sites/gvpesquisa.fgv.br/files/arquivos/terra_-_the_cost_of_capital_corporation_finance.pdf

38. Montero, R. (2005, 22 sep.). Test de Hausman. https://www.ugr.es/~montero/matematicas/hausman.pdf

39. Morris, D. (2014, 14 ene.). Actualidad desregulación aérea. Revista TransPort. http://transport.ec/actualidad/desregulacion-aerea-el-triunfo-de-la-ideologia-sobre-la-evidencia/

40. Murray Z., F., & Vidhan K., G. (2005, 10 feb.). Tradeoff and Pecking Order Theories of Debt. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e05f/12544c3ca1aa47cf2c61ac4c56e4abeb7b03.pdf

41. Myers, S. (1977, nov.). Determinants of corporate borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics, 5(2), 147-175. Recuperado el 18 de Mayo de 2019, de https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304405X77900150

42. Myers, S. (Julio de 1984). The Capital Structure Puzzle. The Journal of Finance, 39(3), 575-592. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.472.3863&rep=rep1&type=pdf

43. Oficina de Regulación Económica Ministerio de Transporte. (2009). Revisión y análisis de la estructura de costos de transporte aéreo. Ministerio de Transporte. https://www.mintransporte.gov.co/descargar.php?idFile=4250

44. Ortiz, H. (2011). Análisis financiero aplicado. https://www.academia.edu/26760979/Analisis_Financiero_Aplicado.pdf

45. Pearce, B. (2017, dic.). Economic Performance of the Airline industry – End-2017 Update. https://www.iata.org/publications/economics/Reports/Industry-Econ-Performance/Economic-Performance-of-the-Airline-Industry-end-year-2017-forecast-slides.pdf

46. Pedra, B. (2016, jul.). Compañias aéreas Low Cost, un estudio comparativo a través de la metodología de análisis de estudios contables. http://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/handle/10612/5528/76582626D_GF_julio16.pdf?sequence=1

47. Rivera, J. A. (2002, sep.). Teoría sobre la estructura de capital. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0123-59232002000300002

48. Romero, A. (2019, 7 mayo). Colombia: un resumen histórico de nuestras crisis económicas y lo que nos espera. https://dernegocios.uexternado.edu.co/controversia/colombia-un-resumen-historico-de-nuestras-crisis-economicas-y-lo-que-nos-espera/

49. Ross, S. (1977). La determinación de la estructura financiera: el enfoque de señalización de incentivos. RAND Corporation, 8(1), 23-40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3003485?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

50. Satena. (2019). Quiénes Somos. https://www.satena.com/corporativo/naturaleza-de-satena/45

51. Schwartz, E. (1959, mar.). Theory of the Capital Structure of the Firm. The Journal of Finance, 14(1), 18-39. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1959.tb00483.x

52. Sewunet, A. (2017, feb.). Determinants of Capital structure of Airline industries. The Case of Major Airlines of Sub Saharan Africa. https://www.academia.edu/37238446/Determinants_of_Capital_structure_of_Airline_industries-The_case_of_major_airlines_of_Sub_Saharan_Africa

53. Shyam, L., & Myers, S. (1999). Testing Static Tradeoff Against Pecking Order Models of Capital Structure). Journal of Financial Economics, 51, 219-244. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8ecf/61595b42ad97df818edecd79e1b1719e02a5.pdf

54. Smith, F. L., & Cox, B. (2008). Econlib. http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/AirlineDeregulation.html

55. Tenjo, F., López, E., & Zamudio, N. (2003, marzo). Determinantes de la estructura de capital de las empresas colombianas (1996-2002). Banco de la República. http://www.banrep.gov.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/archivos/borra380.pdf

56. Titman, S., & Wessels, R. (1988, marzo). The Determinants of Capital Structure Choice. The Journal of Finance, 43(1), 1-19. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.462.6927&rep=rep1&type=pdf

57. Tomoiagă, I. C. (2014). The Effect of Capital Structure on Airline's Value. http://www.dafi.ase.ro/revista/9/Tomoiaga%20Ionela%20the%20effect%20of%20capital%20structure%20on%20airlines%e2%80%99%20value.pdf

58. VivaAir. (2018). Nuestra historia. https://www.vivaair.com/co/viva-air/conocenos/nuestra-historia

59. Zambrano, S. M. & Acuña, G. A. (2011, dic.). Estructura de capital. Evolución teórica. Criterio Libre, 9(15), 81-102. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3815888.pdf

Published

2020-08-10

How to Cite

Vergara-Garavito, J. C., Durán-Parra, H. D., & Figueroa-López, G. A. (2020). Capital Structure: An Empirical Study of the Main Colombian Airlines. Apuntes Del Cenes, 39(70), 43–73. https://doi.org/10.19053/01203053.v39.n70.2020.10612

Issue

Section

Economic theory

Metrics

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.