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Vol. 18 Núm. 3 (2024)
En imprenta / In press

Sección de hortalizas

Cubiertas fotoselectivas y calidad de la luz: impacto en la fisiología de los cultivos y en el manejo integrado de plagas

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2024v18i3.18075

Publicado 2024-09-01

  • Mary Luz Gómez
    • ,
  • Jorge Andrés Montoya
    • ,
  • Dora Garcia-Jaramillo
    • ,
  • Israel Cárdenas
    • ,
  • Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar
    • ,
  • Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre

Mary Luz Gómez
Universidad de Caldas, Manizales (Colombia)

Jorge Andrés Montoya
Universidad de Caldas, Manizales (Colombia)

Dora Garcia-Jaramillo
Universidad de Caldas, Manizales (Colombia)

Israel Cárdenas
Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Manizales, Manizales (Colombia)

Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar
Universidad de Caldas, Manizales (Colombia)

Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre
Universidad de Caldas, Manizales (Colombia)

Growing tomatoes under colorful covers. Photo: A. Hurtado-Salazar

Resumen

La producción agrícola se enfrenta a una serie de retos. Uno de ellos son las condiciones meteorológicas adversas debidas al cambio climático. Este fenómeno altera las condiciones ambientales, incluida la luz, que es un factor clave en la agricultura, ya que afecta directamente a los procesos fisiológicos de las plantas. Es crucial implementar alternativas que optimicen los sistemas de producción para satisfacer la creciente demanda de alimentos. Por ello, esta revisión propone promover la comprensión de cómo los diferentes espectros e intensidades de luz influyen en el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento de los cultivos, así como en la producción de compuestos bioactivos como vitaminas, antioxidantes y fitoquímicos. Esto facilitará el desarrollo de sistemas de cultivo más eficientes y sostenibles. Esta revisión se centra en el uso de películas de plástico fotoselectivas, redes fotoselectivas y películas fotoselectivas en diversos cultivos. En ella se demuestra que el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las plantas están fuertemente influidos por diferentes señales luminosas. La calidad de la luz desempeña un papel crucial en la regulación de estas respuestas. Las películas de plástico fotoselectivas, las redes fotoselectivas y las películas fotoselectivas tienen un impacto significativo en la fisiología de los sistemas de producción. Sin embargo, las plantas responden de forma diferente a la radiación incidente. Por otra parte, la calidad de la luz también aumenta la calidad funcional de los productos agrícolas. Mejora la síntesis de los compuestos orgánicos.

Palabras clave

Cultivos de invernadero, Cubiertas de plástico, Agricultura protegida, Señales luminosas, Efecto de la luz, Radiación

PDF (English)

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