Efecto del método de secado y condiciones de almacenamiento en el rendimiento y composición de aceite esencial en hojas de Eugenia uniflora L.
- Ana Lucia Alves de Assis
, - Roger Raupp Cipriano,
- Francine Lorena Cuquel,
- Cícero Deschamps
Resumen
El aceite esencial producido por las hojas de Eugenia uniflora es utilizado intensamente por las industrias cosmética, farmacéutica y de perfumería principalmente debido a su efecto antioxidante y sus actividades antimicrobianas y antihelmínticas. El secado y el almacenamiento de las hojas de plantas aromáticas pueden afectar el rendimiento y la calidad de su aceite esencial. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del método de secado y las condiciones de almacenamiento sobre el rendimiento y la composición del aceite esencial en las hojas de Eugenia uniflora. El aceite esencial se extrajo de hojas secas a temperatura ambiente y a 45°C durante seis períodos de secado (0, 6, 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas-h). El rendimiento del aceite esencial también se analizó después de 0, 60, 120 y 180 días de almacenamiento en tres tipos de envases. El aceite se extrajo por hidrodestilación y la composición se determinó por cromatografía de gases - espectrometría de masas. Los resultados mostraron que el secado de las hojas a temperatura ambiente y 45°C durante 48 y 24 h, respectivamente, aumentó el rendimiento del aceite esencial. A 45°C, los compuestos de monoterpeno y sesquiterpeno aumentaron, con curzereno + viridifloreno identificado como los compuestos principales. Los tipos de paquetes no afectaron el rendimiento del aceite esencial, pero el aumento del período de almacenamiento lo disminuyó.
Palabras clave
Poscosecha, Plantas aromáticas, Compuestos serquiterpenos, Curzereno viridifloreno, Pitanga
Referencias
Abdelmageed, A.H.A., Q.Z. Faridah, A. Nur Amalina, and M. Yaacob. 2011. The influence of organ and post-harvest drying period on yield and chemical composition of the essential oils of Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae). J. Med. Plants Res. 5(15), 3432-3439.
Adams, R.P. 2017. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. 4th ed. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.
Amaral, W., C. Deschamps, L.A. Biasi, H.R. Bizzo, M.P. Machado and L.E. Silva. 2018b. Yield and chemical composition of the essential oil of species of the Asteraceae family from Atlantic Forest, South of Brazil. J. Essent. Oil Res. 30(4), 278-284. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2018.1434092
Amaral, W., C. Deschamps, L.E. Silva, H.R. Bizzo, M.A.S. Pinto, and L.A. Biasi. 2019. Essential oil yield and composition of native species of the Myrtaceae family from “Campos Gerais” of the Atlantic Forest in Parana State. Ciênc. Nat. 41, e45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5902/2179460X40405
Amorim, A.C.L., C.K.F. Lima, A.M.C. Howell, A.L.P. Miranda, and C.M. Rezende. 2009. Antinociceptive and hypothermic evaluation of the leaf essential oil and isolated terpenoids from Eugenia uniflora L. (Brazilian Pitanga). Phytomedicine 16, 923-928. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.009
ANVISA, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. 2010. Farmacopéia brasileira. Vol. 2. 5a ed. Brasilia, DF. In: http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotside/cd_farcopeia/index.htm; consulted: March, 2016.
Argyropoulos, D. and J. Müller. 2014. Changes of essential oil content and composition during convective drying of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Ind. Crops Prod. 52, 118-124. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.020
Costa, D.P., E.G. Alves-Filho, L.M.A. Silva, S.C. Santos, X.S. Passos, M.R.R. Silva, J.C. Seraphin, and P.H. Ferri. 2010. Influence of fruit biotypes on the chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of Eugenia uniflora leaves. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 21(5), 851-858. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532010000500012
Costa, D.P., S.C. Santos, J.C. Seraphin, and P.H. Ferri. 2009. Seasonal variability of essential oils of Eugenia uniflora leaves. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 20(7), 1287-1293. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532009000700013
Corrêa Jr., C., M.C. Scheffer, and L.C. Ming. 2006. Cultivo agroecológico de plantas medicinais, aromáticas e condimentares. Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, Brasilia, DF. pp. 58-65.
Dušková, E., K. Dušek, P. Indrák, and K. Smékalová. 2016. Postharvest changes in essential oil content and quality of lavender flowers. Ind. Crops Prod. 79, 225-231. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.007
Fiuza, T.S., M.H. Rezende, S.M.T. Sabóia, M.T. Bara, L.M.F. Tresvenzol, and J.R. Paula. 2008. Caracterização farmacognóstica das folhas de Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae). Rev. Eletronica. Farm. 5(2), 21-31. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5216/ref.v5i2.5148
Gallucci, S., A. Placeres-Neto, C. Porto, D. Barnizan, I. Costa, K. Marques, P. Benevides, and R. Figueiredo. 2010. Essential oil of Eugenia uniflora L.: an industrial perfumery approach. J. Essent. Oil Res. 22, 176-179. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700296
Hannaa, M., Y.I. Sallam, A.S. El-Leithy, and S.E. Aly. 2012. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as affected by drying methods. Ann. Agric. Sci. 57(2), 113-116. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2012.08.004
Harbourne, N., E. Marete, J.C. Jacquier, and D. O’Riordan. 2009. Effect of drying methods on the phenolic constituents of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) and willow (Salix alba). J. Food Sci. Technol. 42, 1468-1473. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2009.05.005
Lisboa, C.F., E.C. Melo, and S.M.L. Donzeles. 2018. Influence of storage conditions on quality attributes of medicinal plants. Biomed. J. Sci. Tech. Res. 4(4), 4093-4095. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26717/BJSTR.2018.04.001097
Lorenzi, H. and F.J.A. Matos. 2008. Plantas medicinais no Brasil: nativas e exóticas. 2nd ed. Plantarum, Nova Odessa, SP.
Melo, R.M., V.F.S. Corrêa, A.C.L. Amorim, A.L.P. Miranda, and C.M. Rezende. 2007. Identification of impact aroma compounds in Eugenia uniflora L. (Brazilian Pitanga) leaf oil. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 18(1), 179-183. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532007000100020
Ogunwande, I.A., N.O. Olawore, O. Ekundayo, T.M. Walker, J.M. Schmidt, and W.N. Setzer. 2015. Studies on the essential oils composition, antibacterial and cytotoxicity of Eugenia uniflora L. Int. J. Aromather. 15, 147-152. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijat.2005.07.004
Pirbalouti, A.G., M. Oraine, M. Pouriamehr, and S.E. Babadi. 2013. Effects of drying methods on qualitative and quantitative properties of the essential oil of Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.). Ind. Crops Prod. 46, 324-327. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.02.014
Pripdeevech, P. and E. Chukeatirote. 2010. Chemical compositions, antifungal and antioxidant activities of essential oil and various extracts of Melodorum fruticosum L. flowers. Food Chem. Toxicol. 48, 2754-2758. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.002
Rahimmalek, M. and S.A.H. Goli. 2013. Evaluation of six drying treatments with respect to essential oil yield, composition and color characteristics of Thymys daenensis subsp. daenensis. Celak leaves. Ind. Crops Prod. 42, 613-619. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.06.012
Rocha, R.P., E.C. Elo, and L.L. Radünz. 2011. Influence of drying process on the quality of medicinal plants: a review. J. Med. Plants Res. 5(33), 7076-7084. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPRX11.001
Rodrigues, K.A.F., L.V. Amorim, J.M.G. Oliveira, C.N. Dias, D.F.C. Moraes, E.H.A. Andrade, J.G.S. Maia, S.M.P. Carneiro, and F.A.A. Carvalho. 2013. Eugenia uniflora L. essential oil as a potential anti-Leishmania agent: effects on Leishmania amazonensis and possible mechanisms of action. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2013(Spe. Iss.), 279726. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/279726
Santos, F.R., R. Braz-Filho, and R.N. Castro. 2015. Influência da idade das folhas de Eugenia uniflora L. na composição química do óleo essencial. Quím. Nova 38(6), 762-768. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20150072
Santos, J.F.S., J.E. Rocha, C.F. Bezerra, M.K.N. Silva, Y.M.L.S. Matos, T.S. Freitas, A.T.L. Santos, R.P. Cruz, A.J.T. Machado, T.H.S. Rodrigues, E.S. Britos, D.L. Sales, W.O. Almeida, J.G.M. Costa, H.D.M. Coutinho, and M.F.B. Morais-Braga. 2018. Chemical composition, antifungal activity and potential anti-virulence evaluation of the Eugenia uniflora essential oil against Candida spp. Food Chem. 261, 233-239. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.015
Sározi, Sz., L. Sipos, Z. Kókai, Zs. Plihár, B. Szilvássy, and I. Novák. 2013. Effect of different drying techniques on the aroma profile of Thymus vulgaris analyzed by GC-MS and sensory profile methods. Ind. Crops Prod. 46, 210-216. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.01.028
Sellami, I.H., W.A. Wannes, I. Bettaied, S. Berrima, T. Chahed, B. Marzouk, and F. Lima. 2011. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves as affected by different drying methods. Food Chem. 126, 691-697. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.022
Shahhoseini, R., A. Estaji, N. Hosseini, M. Ghorbanpour, and R. Omidbaigi. 2013. The effect of different drying methods on the content and chemical composition of essential oil of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl. 16(4), 474-481. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2013.813270
Silva, V.P., C.C.F. Alves, M.L.D. Miranda, L.C. Bretanha, M.P. Balleste, G.A. Micke, E.V. Silveira, C.H.G. Martins, M.A.L. Ambrosio, T.S. Silva, D.C. Tavares, L.G. Magalhães, F.G. Silva, and M.B. Egea. 2018. Chemical composition and in vitro leischmanicidal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of essential oils of the Myrtaceae family occurring in the Cerrado biome. Ind. Crops Prod. 123, 638-645. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.033
Silva, F.A.Z. and C.A.V. Azevedo. 2016. The assistat software v. 7.7 and its use in the analysis of experimental data. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 11(39), 3733-3740. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2016.11522
Stefanello, M.E.A., A.C.R.F. Pascoal, and M.J. Salvador. 2011. Essential oils from Neotropical Myrtaceae: chemical diversity and biological properties. Chem. Biodivers. 8, 73-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201000098
Van Den Dool, H. and P.D. Kratz. 1963. A generalisation of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gasliquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 11, 463-471.
Venditti, A., A. Bianco, C. Frezza, and F. Conti. 2015. Essential oil composition, polar compounds, glandular trichomes and biological activity of Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman from central Italy. Ind. Crops Prod. 77, 353-363. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.002
Verma, R.K., L. Rahman, S. Mishra, R.K. Verma, A. Chauhan, and A. Singh. 2011. Changes in essential oil content and composition of leaf and leaf powder of Rosmarinus officinalis cv. CIM-Hariyali during storage. Maejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 5(2), 181-190.
Victoria, F.N., E.J. Lenardão, L. Savegnago, G. Perin, R.G. Jacob, D. Alves, W.P. Silva, A.S. Motta, and P.S. Nascente. 2012. Essential oil of the leaves of Eugenia uniflora L.: antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50, 2668-2674. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.002
Voung, Q.V., N. Zammit, B.R. Munro, S. Murchie, M.C. Bowyer, and C.J. Scarlett. 2015. Effect of drying conditions on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Vitex agnus-castus leaves. J. Food Process. Pres. 39, 2562-2571. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12506
Zuzarte, M. and L. Salgueiro. 2015. Essential oils chemistry. pp. 19-61. In: Sousa, D.P. (ed.). Bioactive essential oils and cancer. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19144-7