Characterization of flying ashes of a thermoelectric plant for its possible use as an additive in the manufacture of cement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v8.n1.2017.7374Keywords:
fly ash, physicochemical and morphological properties, surface reactivity, puzzolanic activity, cement industry.Abstract
The results of the characterization of ‘Flying Ashes’, FA, a product of coal burning are shown in this paper. The ‘flying ashes’ samples were produced in the thermal station Termopaipa IV, in the State of Boyacá, Colombia. The techniques used for the characterization were: X-Ray Fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Optical Microscopy (Polished Thin Section) and Electronic Microscopy. It is noticeable that the ashes are made up of aluminum and silicon compounds. Besides, iron phases in low content such as hematite and limonite were also found. Additionally, the morphology reveals presence of coke unburned coal and spheres of different size and composition.
According to the features found in this study, such as: chemical and mineralogical composition, and surface characteristics have determined that the FA is an artificial pozzolanic material with acidic properties, which influences the reactivity of the ashes that is based on the chemical aspect of the lime fixing and fulfil the requirements in a high degree according to the standard for use in the cement industry.
Downloads
References
Ahmaruzzaman, M. (2010). A review on the utilization of fly ash. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36, 327–363. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.003
Alhozaimy, A., Soroushian, P., & Mirza, F. (1996). Effects of curing conditions and age on chloride permeability of Fly Ash mortar. American concrete Institute Materials Journal, 93, 87-95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/9800
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), C¬618 (2005). Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.
Ampadu, K. O., & Torii, K. (2002). Chloride ingress and steel corrosion in cement mortars incorporating low quality Fly Ashes. Cement and Concrete Research, 32, (6) 893-901. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00721-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00721-4
Aperador, W., Ruíz, E., & Delgado, A. (2014). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Analysis on Steel Embedded in a Concrete Alkali Exposed on the Chloride Media. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9, 7506 – 7517.
Baoyi, L., Yuping, D., & Shunhua, L. (2012). The electromagnetic characteristics of fly ash and absorbing properties of and Building cement-based composites using fly ash as cement replacement. Construction and Build Materials Journal, 27, 184–188. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa7025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.07.062
Chujiang, C., Shen, Z., Wang, M., ma, S., & Xing, Y. (2003). Surface metallization of cenospheres and precipitators by electroless plating. China particuology, 1(4), 156-161. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60133-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1672-2515(07)60133-X
Fauzi, A., Fadhil M. N., B, M. A., & Al Bakri, A. M. (2016). Study of Fly Ash Characterization as a Cementitious Material. Procedia Engineering 148, 487 – 493. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.535
Fly Ash India Pvt. Ltd. (2014). Recuperado de: flyashindia.com.
Jegadeesan, G., Souhail, R., Abed, A., & Pinto, P. (2008). Influence of trace metal distribution on its leachability from coal fly ash. Fuel, 87 (10-11), 1887-1893. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.12.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.12.007
Goma, F. (1975). El cemento portland y otros aglomerantes, Barcelona España: Editores técnicos asociados s, a.
Gómez-Rojas, O., Díaz-Lagos, M., Blandón-Montes, A., & Martínez-Ovalle, S. (2016). Presencia de elementos contaminantes como Cd, As, Pb, Se y Hg en carbones de la zona Cundiboyacense, Colombia. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 7 (1), 141-150. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v7.n1.2016.5604 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v7.n1.2016.5604
Gopalan, M. K. (1996). Sorptivity of fly ash concretes. Cement and Concrete Research, 26 (8), 1189-1197. doi: 10.1016/0008-8846(96)00105-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(96)00105-6
Ha, T.H., Muralidharan, S., Bae, J.H., Ha, Y.C., Lee, H.G., Park, K.W., & Kim, D.K. (2005). Effect of unburnt carbon on the corrosion performance of fly ash cement mortar. Construction and Build Materials Journal, 19 (7) 509–515. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.005
Hemalatha, T., & Ramaswamy, A. (2017). A review on fly ash characteristics e Towards promoting high volume utilization in developing sustainable concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production 147, 546-559. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.114
Jensen, A. D., & Rasmussen, M. S. (2008). A review of the interference of carbon containing fly ash with air entrainment in concrete. Progress In Energy and Combustion Science, 34, 135–154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.03.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.03.002
Lieberman, R. N., Green, U., Segev, G., Polat, M., Mastai, Y., & Cohen, H. (2015). Coal fly ash as a potential fixation reagent for radioactive wastes. Fuel, 153, 437-444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.111
López, J. C., & González, C. J. (1995). Manual de reutilización de residuos de la industria minera, siderometalúrgica y termoeléctrica. Instituto Tecnológico Geominero de España, Rivadeneyra, SA.
Lorenzo-García, M. P. (1993). Influencia de dos tipos de cenizas volantes españolas en la microestructura y durabilidad de la pasta de cemento portland hidratado (tesis de doctorado). Universidad complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Martínez-Bernal, M. S. (2013). Determinación de la productividad y competitividad de la pequeña minería del distrito minero del norte de Boyacá. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 3 (2), 72-86. doi: 10.19053/20278306.2168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.2168
Martínez-Ovalle, S., Reyes-Caballero, F., & González-Puin, L. X. (2013). Protección radiológica a trabajadores y público en instalaciones que operan radioisótopos industriales. Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, 3 (2), 120-124. doi: 10.19053/20278306.2166 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.2166
Mehta, P. K. (1989). Pozzolanic and cementitious by products in concrete. Another look [online]. International Concrete Abstracts Portal, 114, 1-44. doi: 10.14359/1835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/1835
Nassara, R. U. D., Soroushian, P., & Ghebrabc, T. (2013). Field investigation of high-volume fly ash pavement concrete. Resources Conservation and Recycling, 73, 78– 85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.01.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.01.006
Naik, T., Singh, S. H., & Ramme, B. (1998). Mechanical properties and durability of concrete made with blended fly ash. ACI Materials Journal, 95 (4), 454–62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/388
Nir, L. R., Green, U., Segev, G., Polat, M., Mastai, Y., & Cohen, H. (2015). Coal fly ash as a potenctial fixation reagent for radioactive wastes. Fuel, 153 (1), 437-444. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.111
Norma Técnica colombiana NTC 3493, (1993). Ingeniería civil y arquitectura. Cenizas volantes y puzolanas naturales, calcinadas o crudas, utilizadas como aditivos minerales en el concreto de cemento pórtland.
Murayama, N., Yamamoto, H., & Shibatia, J. (2002). Mechanism of zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash by alkali hidrotermal reaction. International Journal of mineral processing, 64, 1-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00046-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00046-1
Pedraza, S. P., Pineda, Y., & Gutiérrez, O. (2015). Influence of the unburned residues in fly ash additives on the mechanical properties of cement mortars. Procedia Materials Science 9, 496 – 503. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2015.05.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2015.05.022
Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Turiel, J. L. F., & López, S. A., (1995). Synthesis of zeolites by alkaline activation of ferro-aluminous fly ash. Fuel, 74, 1226-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00044-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(95)00044-6
Querol, X., Moreno, N., Umaña, J. C., Alastuey, A., Hernández, E., López, S. A., & Plana, F. (2002). Synthesis of zeolites from coal fly ash: an overview. International Journal Of Coal Geology, 50, 413-423. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00124-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(02)00124-6
Raghu, B. K., Eskandari, B. V. H., & Reddy, B. V. V. (2009). Prediction of compressive strength of SCC and HPC with high volume fly ash using ANN. Construction and Building Materials, 23, 117-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.01.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.01.014
Reyes-Caballero, F., Martínez-Ovalle, S. A., & Moreno-Gutiérrez, M. (2015). Mossbauer characterization of feed coal, ash and fly ash from a termal power plant. Hyperfine Interactions, 232 (1-3), 141-148. doi: 10.1007/s10751-015-1140-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-015-1140-1
Reyes-Caballero, F., Fernández-Morales, F., & Duarte, J. (2016). Panorama energético. revista de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, 7 (1), 151-163. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v7.n1.2016.5605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v7.n1.2016.5605
Sahmaran, M. I., Yaman, I. O., & Tokyay, M. (2009). Transport and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete with high volume fly ash. Cement and concrete composites, 31, 99-106. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.003
Santaella-Valencia, L.E. (2001). Caracterización física química y mineralógica de las cenizas volantes. Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina, 10, 47-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18359/rcin.1379
Szumiata, T., Brzozka, K., Gorka, B., Gawronski, M., Gzik-Szumiata M., Swietlik R., & Trojanowska M., (2014). Iron speciation in coal fly ashes chemical and Mossbauer analysis. Hyperfine Interactions, 226, 483-487. DOI 10.1007/s10751-013-0950-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-013-0950-2
Valderrama, C. P., Agredo, J. T., & de Gutiérrez, R. M. (2011). Características de desempeño de un concreto adicionado con cenizas volantes de alto nivel de inquemados. Ingeniería e Investigación, 31, 39-46.
Van der Merwe, E. M., Mathebula, C. L., & Prinsloo, L. C. (2014). Characterization of the surface and physical properties of South African coal fly ash modified by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) for applications in PVC composites. Powder Technology, 266, 70–78. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.06.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.06.008
Vassilev, S. V., & Vassileva, C. G. (2005). Methods for Characterization of Composition of Fly Ashes from Coal Fired Power Stations: A Critical Overview. Energy Fuels, 19, 1084–1098. DOI: 10.1021/ef049694d DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ef049694d
Vasileva, N. G., Anshits, N.N., Sharonova, O.M., Burdin, M.V., & Anshits, A. G. (2005). Immobilization of cesium and Strontium Radionuclides in Framework Aluminosilicates with the Use of Porous Glass-Ceramic Matrices Based on Coal Fly Ash Cenospheres. Glass Physics and Chemistry., 31, 637-647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10720-005-0108-7
Wang, S., & Wu, H. (2006). Enviromental Benong utilization of fly ash as low cost adsorbents, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 136, 482-501. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.067
Wu, Y., Wang, C., Tan, Y., Jia, L., & Anthony, E. J. (2011). Characterization of ashes from a 100 kWth pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed with oxy-fuel combustion. Applied Energy, 88, 2940–2948. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.007
Yua, J., Lib, X., Fleming, D., Meng, Z., Wang, D., & Tahmasebia, A. (2012). Analysis on Characteristics of Fly Ash from Coal Fired Power Stations Energy. Energy Procedia, 17, 3–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.054
Zyryanov, V. V., Petrov, S. A., & Matvienko, A. A. (2011). Characterization of spinel and magnetospheres of coal fly ashes collected in power plants in the former USSR. Fuel, 90, 486–492. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.006
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Published articles in this journal are protected by a licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The content of articles is responsibility of each author and do not involve to the journal or the institution. It is allowed the diffusion and reproduction of titles, abstracts, and total content with academic, scientific, cultural, and/or commercial purposes, as long as it gives credit to the respective source.