Hidrodestilación asistida por microondas de aceite esencial de Cúrcuma longa (rizomas): optimización mediante superficie de respuesta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19053/20278306.v13.n1.2023.16061Palabras clave:
aceite esencial;, Cúrcuma longa;, hidrodestilación;, optimizaciónResumen
Las propiedades de las plantas de la familia Zingiberaceae son ampliamente conocidas a nivel mundial, en medicina tradicional, como antiinflamatorio, antioxidante, antiviral, entre otras. Enmarcados en el alto valor bioquímico de esta familia, esta investigación se centró en la optimización de un método de extracción de aceites esenciales de Cúrcuma longa a partir de rizomas secos de muestras colectadas en el Departamento del Quindío (Colombia), utilizando hidrodestilación asistida por microondas y evaluando variables optimizadas por metodología de superficie de respuesta. Los resultados obtenidos de la optimización mostraron una considerable mejora en la extracción de los aceites desde múltiples aspectos y variables, comparados con la hidrodestilación convencional. El rendimiento en la obtención del aceite esencial aumentó en un 32 %, se evidenció un incremento en un 31 % en la α-Turmerona como componente más abundante, el tiempo de extracción se redujo de 120 a 59 minutos, y el consumo de energía y emisión de CO2 se redujo a una tercera parte. Estos interesantes resultados incentivan el potencial mejoramiento de posibles aplicaciones en salud, alimentos o cosmética.
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