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Vol. 6 No. 1 (2012)

Review articles

Respuesta de las plantas a estrés por inundación. Una revisión

https://doi.org/10.17584/rcch.2012v6i1.1287

Published 2013-02-04

  • Juan de la Cruz Jiménez S.
    • ,
  • Liz Patricia Moreno F.
    • ,
  • Stanislav Magnitskiy

Abstract

La inundación tiene un efecto negativo sobre la mayoría de plantas terrestres debido a que reduce su crecimiento e induce la senescencia. La deficiencia de oxígeno, efecto principal de la inundación, cambia el metabolismo de la planta induciendo la vía anaeróbica o fermentativa como mecanismo alterno, aunque poco eficiente para la producción de energía. Igualmente el déficit de oxígeno aumenta la producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), tanto en la mitocondria como en el cloroplasto. Como respuesta al incremento de ROS hay un aumento en el sistema de defensa antioxidante de la planta, el cual es considerado, junto con la inducción de la vía fermentativa, como una respuesta a corto plazo. Cuando la planta está sometida a largos periodos de inundación se presentan, adicionalmente, cambios morfológicos, como la formación de aerénquima, los cuales son considerados respuestas a largo plazo. En este artículo se revisan las respuestas, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, de las plantas a la condición de estrés hídrico por inundación.

Keywords

respiración anaeróbica, defensa antioxidante, aerénquima, estrés abiótico

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