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Efecto de diferentes métodos y dosis de aplicación de 1-metilciclopropeno en la poscosecha de frutos de feijoa (Acca sellowiana Berg)

Feijoa fruit. Photo: G. Fischer

Resumen

La feijoa es un fruto aromático de alto valor nutraceútico y gran potencial económico, por su versatilidad en la transformación industrial, además de ser climatérico. Sin embargo, la vida poscosecha de estos frutos es relativamente corta. El 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) retrasa la producción de etileno, mantiene la firmeza y prolonga la vida poscosecha, no obstante, su eficiencia depende del método de aplicación (líquida o gaseosa), y en feijoa no se han probado diferentes métodos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes formas y dosis de aplicación de 1-MCP en la poscosecha de frutos de feijoa almacenados a temperatura ambiente (16°C). Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con siete tratamientos compuestos por un testigo más seis tratamientos con estructura factorial 3×2, en donde el primer factor fue la forma de aplicación (inmersión, gaseosa y aspersión) y el segundo factor, la dosis de 1-MCP (30 o 60 µg L-1). Las dosis y formas de aplicación de 1-MCP no afectaron la pérdida de masa (16,38%). La firmeza descendió un 67,9% durante los primeros 4 días después de la cosecha (ddc) en todos los tratamientos. El 1-MCP mantuvo elevados los niveles de sólidos solubles (10,63°Brix) frente al control (7,6 °Brix), al final del almacenamiento. Todas las formas de aplicación de 1-MCP disminuyeron la intensidad respiratoria de los frutos de feijoa. La aplicación 60 µg L-1 de 1-MCP mediante inmersión generó los mayores valores de contenido de fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante total (AAT) durante los primeros 8 ddc, mientras la AAT disminuyó y el contenido de fenoles totales aumentó.

Palabras clave

Actividad antioxidante, Climaterio, Fenoles, Myrtaceae, Pérdida de masa

PDF (English)

Citas

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