Propagación de plantas de cannabis sativa (L.) mediante esquejes y uso de fitorreguladores auxínicos
- Beatriz Porras-García
, - Helberth Hernado Pinzón-Sandoval,
- Pedro José Almanza-Merchán
Resumen
Cannabis sativa (L.) es una especie herbácea anual que ha sido ampliamente cultivada y utilizada como planta medicinal y con fines recreativos. Su valor medicinal se atribuye principalmente a un grupo de metabolitos secundarios llamados fitocannabinoides, que se concentran principalmente en los aceites esenciales de flores femeninas no fertilizadas. La reproducción asexual permite la descendencia de material vegetal, manteniendo las características genéticas de la planta madre. El objetivo de la investigación fue el de mejorar el proceso de propagación vegetativa de esquejes de Cannabis sativa (L.) cv. Eco-2 con características de productoras de fitocannabinoides de uso medicinal, mediante el empleo de fitorreguladores auxínicos de enraizamiento (ANA y AIB) en diferentes dosis. El estudio se realizó bajo condiciones de invernadero en el municipio de Pesca (Colombia). Se evaluaron dosis de 400, 800 y 1.000 mg L-1 y un testigo sin aplicación, se determinó la altura de la planta, el diámetro del tallo, número de ramas, volumen y longitud de raíz, y el porcentaje de enraizamiento. El mejor tratamiento se obtuvo con la aplicación de ANA en una dosis de 800 mg L-1 presentó un porcentaje de enraizamiento del 86,6%, una longitud y un volumen de raíz de 9,0 cm y 5,0 cm3, y un aumento de la longitud del esqueje de 3,8 cm, con diferencias significativas frente al tratamiento sin aplicación, luego de 4 semanas después de la siembra. El uso de fitorreguladores auxínicos se convierte en una alternativa con alto potencial para la propagación de plantas productoras de cannabinoides para uso medicinal.
Palabras clave
Fitohormonas, Fitocannabinoides, Reproducción vegetativa, Regulador fisiológico, Cáñamo
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