Espanhol e coreano em contato: novas percepções sobre mudança de código
Resumo
A troca de código (‘code-switching’, CS) refere-se à mistura de idiomas em que as pessoas que falam dois ou mais idiomas alternam de um para o outro. Trabalhos em CS espanhol-inglês identificaram várias restrições (morfo) sintáticas que governam quando ocorrem mudanças (por exemplo, Timm, 1975; Pfaff, 1979; Poplack, 1980). No entanto, o que acontece quando os idiomas são tipo logicamente diferentes? É o caso do CS espanhol-coreano, que não foi sistematicamente investigado. Esses idiomas diferem de várias maneiras, incluindo (i) estrutura da cláusula / ordem das palavras, (ii) ausência / presença de artigos e (iii) morfologia (coreano: fichário, espanhol: fusional) (Kwon, 2012; Bosque y Demonte, 1999). Para este estudo, entrevistamos bilíngues espanhol-coreanos para obter um corpus naturalista. Surpreendentemente, descobrimos que muitas restrições propostas para CS espanhol-inglês não são válidas para espanhol-coreano. Há três maneiras pelas quais o CS espanhol-coreano viola as restrições: (i) em contextos que envolvem a estrutura da cláusula, (ii) uso de substantivos e (iii) no nível dos morfemas. Fundamentalmente, as violações não são aleatórias: sugerimos que elas resultam de diferenças tipológicas. Este artigo destaca os benefícios empíricos e teóricos da inclusão de pares de idiomas tipologicamente diversos ao investigar a CS.
Palavras-chave
Spanish-Korean, code-switching, bilingualism, typology, Free Morpheme Constraint
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