Alfabetización Computacional en Educación: Contribuciones al Desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico y Participación Social
Resumen
En los últimos años se observa una reformulación de programas para incluir las Ciencias de la Computación (CC) en la escolaridad obligatoria. La expansión de sistemas computacionales a todos los espacios de la vida humana permite no solo ampliar la capacidad de cognición, sino que ubica a saberes y prácticas de este campo como componentes claves de una formación ciudadana integral. Este desafío se presenta en un contexto de profundas brechas, que contribuyen a desarrollar desigualmente las posibilidades de alfabetización, pensamiento y participación computacional entre la población. Este trabajo analiza, desde una revisión sistemática, cómo se han definido estas nociones en el ámbito escolar. Los resultados arrojan que la alfabetización computacional se asocia mayormente con la inteligencia artificial y la programación, con el riesgo de reducir la mirada disciplinar a esas áreas hegemónicas. A su vez, se destaca la participación computacional desde propuestas con impacto social. Estos aportes son insumos para discutir, definir y analizar los procesos de alfabetización computacional en las escuelas, sobre todo en el contexto latinoamericano, donde no se han relevado estudios sobre el tema.
Palabras clave
alfabetización computacional, participación computacional, pensamiento computacional, educación formal, brecha digital y computacional
Citas
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