Estrategias de lectura y rendimiento académico en la transición a la educación superior
Resumen
La transición a la universidad es un proceso de adaptación de enorme complejidad que desafía a las instituciones a generar mecanismos para promover la persistencia de los estudiantes hasta su egreso. Este estudio busca aportar a la comprensión del uso de estrategias de lectura y su relación con los logros académicos de los estudiantes durante la transición a la educación superior. La metodología es cuantitativa, con una muestra no probabilística intencionada de 145 voluntarios: estudiantes de educación media de establecimientos con alto índice de vulnerabilidad y estudiantes ingresantes de una universidad estatal de la Región de Valparaíso en Chile, mediante la aplicación de un instrumento. Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que los grupos de estudiantes de educación secundaria y universitaria se diferencian significativamente en el tipo y en el uso de estrategias de lectura, las cuales se correlacionan directa y significativamente con el rendimiento académico y son relevantes, ya que usar diferentes estrategias incide en el nivel lector de estudiantes con bajo rendimiento académico, especialmente, en la educación media.
Palabras clave
estrategias de lectura, rendimiento académico, transición educativa, literacidad académica
Biografía del autor/a
Bianca Dapelo
Psicóloga, Ha trabajado dirigiendo y desarrollando proyectos de nivelación educativa y Talento.
Citas
- Afflerbach, P. (1990). The Influence of Prior Knowledge and Text Genre on Readers’ Prediction Strategies. Journal of Reading Behavior, 22(2), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969009547700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10862969009547700
- Afflerbach, P., & Cho, B. (2014). Identifying and Describing Constructively Responsive Comprehension Strategies in New and Traditional Forms of Reading. (2014). En S. Israel & G. Duffy (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Reading Comprehension (pp. 93-114). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759609-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315759609-15
- Afflerbach, P., Cho, B., & Kim, J. (2015). Conceptualizing and Assessing Higher-Order Thinking in Reading. Theory Into Practice, 54(3), 203-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2015.1044367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2015.1044367
- Afflerbach, P., Cho, B., Kim, J., Crassas, M., & Doyle, B. (2013). Reading: What Else Matters Besides Strategies and Skills? The Reading Teacher, 66(6), 440-448. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.1146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/TRTR.1146
- Afflerbach, P., Pearson, P., & Paris, S. (2008). Clarifying Differences Between Reading Skills and Reading Strategies. The Reading Teacher, 61(5), 364-373. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.61.5.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.61.5.1
- Alvermann, D. (2006). Struggling adolescent readers: A cultural construction. En A. McKeough (Ed.), Understanding literacy development: A global view (pp. 95-111). L. Erlbaum Associates.
- Baker, S., Bangeni, B., Burke, R., & Hunma, A. (2019). The invisibility of academic reading as social practice and its implications for equity in higher education: a scoping study. Higher Education Research & Development, 38(1), 142-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1540554 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2018.1540554
- Bergey, B., Deacon, S. & Parrila, R. (2017). Metacognitive Reading and Study Strategies and Academic Achievement of University Students with and Without a History of Reading Difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(1), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219415597020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219415597020
- Bharuthram, S., & Clarence, S. (2015). Teaching academic reading as a disciplinary knowledge practice in higher education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 29(2), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.20853/29-2-481
- Britt, M., Rouet, J., & Durik, A. (2018). Literacy beyond text comprehension. A Theory of Purposeful Reading. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315682860
- Chevalier, T., Parrila, R., Ritchie, K., & Deacon, S. (2017). The Role of Metacognitive Reading Strategies, Metacognitive Study and Learning Strategies, and Behavioral Study and Learning Strategies in Predicting Academic Success in Students with and Without a History of Reading Difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(1), 34-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219415588850 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219415588850
- Chin, M. (2019). Can L2 Less-proficient Adult Learners Become Skilled Readers? International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 1(31), 1-10.
- Espinosa, A. (2020). Las estrategias de lectura y su incidencia en la comprensión lectora de estudiantes de una universidad pública del noroeste de México. Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo, 11(21). https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v11i21.689 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23913/ride.v11i21.689
- Feller, D., Magliano, J., Sabatini, J., O’Reilly, T., & Kopatich, R. (2020). Relations between Component Reading Skills, Inferences, and Comprehension Performance in Community College Readers. Discourse Processes, 57(5-6), 473-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2020.1759175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0163853X.2020.1759175
- Gavora, P., Vaculíková, J., Kalenda, J., Kálmán, O., Gombos, P., Świgost, M., & Bontová, A. (2020). Comparing metacognitive reading strategies among university students from Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(7), 896-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1614545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2019.1614545
- Guthrie, J., & Davis, M. (2003). Motivating struggling readers in middle school through an engagement model of classroom practice. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19(1), 59-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573560308203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10573560308203
- Hernández-Sampieri, R. & Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. Mc Graw Hill Education
- Ivanic, R. (2004). Discourses of Writing and Learning to Write. Language and Education, 18(3), 221-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09500780408666877
- Kahu, E., & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: understanding the mechanisms of student success. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(1), 58-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197
- Kim, Y. (2017). Why the Simple View of Reading Is Not Simplistic: Unpacking Component Skills of Reading Using a Direct and Indirect Effect Model of Reading (DIER). Scientific Studies of Reading, 21(4), 310-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1291643 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1291643
- Kohart, J., & Larwin K. (2014). The Potential Impact of Structured Read-Aloud on Middle School Reading Achievement. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 3(3), 187-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v3i3.6463
- Lastre, K. (2018). Efectos de la lectura en voz alta en la compresión lectora de estudiantes de primaria. Revista Encuentros, 16(01), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.15665/.v16i01.945 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15665/.v16i01.945
- Lea, M., & Street, B. (1998). Student Writing in Higher Education: An Academic Literacies Approach. Studies in Higher Education, 23(2), 157-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079812331380364
- Lee-Thompson, L. (2008). An Investigation of Reading Strategies Applied by American Learners of Chinese as a Foreign Language. Foreign Language Annals, 41(4), 702-721. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2008.tb03326.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2008.tb03326.x
- Mann, S. (2000). The student’s experience of reading. Higher Education, 39(3), 297-317. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003953002704 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003953002704
- Muijselaar, M., Swart, N., Steenbeek-Planting, E., Droop, M., Verhoeven, L., & Jong, P. (2017). Developmental Relations Between Reading Comprehension and Reading Strategies. Scientific Studies of Reading, 21(3), 194-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1278763 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2017.1278763
- Parodi, G., Burdiles, G., Moreno De León, T., & Julio, C. (2018). Hábitos lectores y géneros del discurso en filosofía y en economía y negocios: del discurso académico al discurso pro fesional. RLA. Revista de lingüística teórica y aplicada, 56(2), 117-152. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48832018000200117 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48832018000200117
- Reed, D., Swanson, E., Petscher, Y., & Vaughn, S. (2014). The effects of teacher read-alouds and student silent reading on predominantly bilingual high school seniors’ learning and retention of social studies content. Reading and Writing, 27(7), 1119–1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-013-9478-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-013-9478-8
- Song, K., Na, B., & Kwon, H. (2020). A comprehensive review of research on reading comprehension strategies of learners reading in English-as-an-additional language. Educational Research Review, 29, 100308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100308
- Swales, J. (1990). Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge University Press.
- Uribe, G., & Camargo, Z. (2012). Prácticas de lectura y escritura académicas en la universidad colombiana. Magis. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación, 3(6), 317-341.
- Urzúa-Martínez, S., Riquelme, R., & Micin, S. (2021). Impacto de un programa de lectoescritura en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de primer año universitario en Chile. Íkala, 26(2), 283-302. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8038371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.v26n2a05