La Retroalimentación en la Educación Superior del Siglo XXI
Resumen
Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación de análisis documental sobre el uso de la retroalimentación en la Educación Superior. La metodología utilizada para la revisión, sistematización y análisis documental fue la “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” [Artículo Preferido de Informes de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis]. Se analizaron artículos de investigaciones publicados entre 2014 y 2023, extraídos de Scopus. El campo geográfico seleccionado para la recolección de las publicaciones fue Europa, debido a su amplia investigación sobre la retroalimentación, lo que resulta relevante para el contexto educativo de países como el nuestro. Se examinó la perspectiva y los métodos utilizados por los países europeos para mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes a través de la retroalimentación. Entre las principales conclusiones se encuentran la valoración positiva de la retroalimentación en la educación superior, la necesidad de promover la formulación y hacer seguimiento de planes de aprendizaje en los estudiantes para incentivar el compromiso con su propio proceso formativo y mejorar su autopercepción. No obstante, esto requiere formar a los docentes de las diferentes disciplinas en prácticas efectivas de evaluación y retroalimentación.
Palabras clave
autoevaluación, evaluación, retroalimentación, educación superior, aprendizaje, enseñanza
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